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The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless of their type, or with wide classes of object types (e.g. all numerical types, or all sequence types). When used on object types for which they do not apply, they will raise a Python exception.
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It is not possible to use these functions on objects that are not properly initialized, such as a list object that has been created by :cfunc:`PyList_New`, but whose items have not been set to some non-\ ``NULL`` value yet.
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Allocating Objects on the Heap
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To allocate and create extension modules.
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Parsing arguments and building values
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These functions are useful when creating your own extensions functions and methods. Additional information and examples are available in :ref:`extending-index`.
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The first three of these functions described, :cfunc:`PyArg_ParseTuple`, :cfunc:`PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords`, and :cfunc:`PyArg_Parse`, all use *format strings* which are used to tell the function about the expected arguments. The format strings use the same syntax for each of these functions.
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